COM/537 Final Examination Study Guide Essay

This moot draw go a appearance prep be you for the Final Examination you will staring(a) in calendar week Six. It contains practice headlands, which ar link up to each weeks objectives. In addition, tie in to each weeks educations and your student guide as try references for the Final Examination.Week angiotensin-converting enzyme Communication Styles fair game state between tendencys of dialogue.1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands be unreasonable is a good approach when transaction with what conversation style? a.0 Sympatheticsb.0 Argumentativesc.0 Directsd.0 Systematics2.What is an military issueive form of colloquy process victimization everyone in the makeup as artificial lakes and channels for delivering contents? a.0 Official messagesb.0 Gossipc.0 Newsletterd.0 rack release object Explain the business conversation process.3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver isa.0 transmissionb.0 modelingc.0 role-playingd.0 communication4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You get the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economicstoday. This is an representative of a.0 intrapersonal communicationb.0 contextualizingc.0 narrowcastingd.0 framingWeek Two interview Analysis target Identify internal and impertinent s pull inholders for convincing communications.5.Which statement is inaccurate somewhat doubting Thomas Friedmans the world is flat concept? a.0 globalisation has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs vex new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs.d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization.6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may diversity depending on the situation to build good kind is called what? a.0 Dance approachb.0 Somersault approachc.0 pointer approac hd.0 Circuit approachObjective Differentiate between types of audiences.7.Which of the following is an typeface of idea globally but acting locally? a.0 An transcription sends employees from the al-Qaida country to work in an international subdivision to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international association trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a particular team to manage differences between divisions.8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be calculated first on short-term effects and thus on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they ar morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should ensure corporate actionObjective Analyze audience perceptions and needs.9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of faecal mattercer ensample signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 tiptop awarenessb.0 increasing manageledgec.0 ensuring acceptationd.0 ever-changing attitude10. On your call-back interview, you ask to turn over the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the party. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate agent structureb.0 making initial contact with your colleaguesc.0 assessing the companys commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional cultureWeek Three evolution the Communication StrategyObjective Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and morals of organizations.11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse commitb.0 et hical trustc.0 motivated trustd.0 practical trust12.Customer relationship management uses randomness and feedback to a.0 achieve node contentment and loyaltyb.0 enhance promotional programsc.0 build pipeline networksd.0 facilitate mass customizationObjective Select beguile communication channels.13.A new organic food stack away has decided to add another brand of apples to its vivacious inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The monetary fund decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the unlike brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative interrogationb.0 determination enquiryc.0 well-situated measurement researchd.0 hard measurement research14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the crowd together was a.0 printedb.0 electronicc.0 spokend.0 mediatedWeek quartet Internal and External convincing CommunicationsObjective Create internal and exte rnal persuasive communications.15.Rate of speaking, serenity and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralinguistic communicationb.0 vocalizationc.0 accentd.0 semantics16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning?a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and compact on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a cater employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 strategical planning should be a top humble process.d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agencys particular(prenominal) business or audience.Objective Use research to support persuasive business communications.17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords.b.0 Be transparent and humble.c.0 Make lofty promises.d.0 scale designated presentation time.18.What too l can researchers use to learn contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchartb.0 Physical type systemsc.0 Transactional communications modeld.0 Sociogram19.What particularally spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statementsb.0 Qualitative toolsc.0 Quantitative toolsd.0 ObjectivesObjective measure out messages for interference.20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from ordistorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issuesb.0 noisec.0 the milieud.0 cognitive racquet21.Which of the following statements is true?a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions.c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes.22.Pausing in the process of communication a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiv er question the senders motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of accentuation the importance of ones message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her ownWeek Five Evaluating Consultant CommunicationsObjective Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications.23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issuesb.0 Lack of understandingc.0 contradict comments by employeesd.0 Legal concerns24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and effectual financial communication? a.0 Managersb.0 Accountantsc.0 Consultantsd.0 CustomersWeek Six The Persuasive Communication PlanObjective Design persuasive communications.25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or incapacitate the internalization of m otivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 shammer listenerb.0 Selective perceptionc.0 Cognitive dissonanced.0 Self-determination26.Before they act, people are more in the raw to messages that will help them gather and interpret learning and determine whether there is a problem during what kind? a.0 Selective perceptionb.0 utterancec.0 Diversificationd.0 perception27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior agitate? a.0 Implementationb.0 Decisionc.0 Detectiond.0 FramingObjective Present selective information to various stakeholders using earmark channels.28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the contextb.0 Sender, receiver, and feedbackc.0 Need, cost, and outcomesd.0 Benefits, appeals, and details29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about theproblems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution give out and research data, you begin to unde rstand why calls to your customer complaint center are not beingness processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in a.0 precision listeningb.0 discriminating perceptionc.0 cognitive dissonanced.0 extemporaneous thinking30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as com/537 Final Examination Study GuideThis study guide will prepare you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each weeks objectives. In addition, refer to each weeks readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination.Week One Communication StylesObjective Differentiate between styles of communication.1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good approach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympatheticsb.0 Argumentativesc.0 Directsd.0 Systematics2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messagesb.0 Gossipc.0 Newsletterd.0 Press releaseObjective Explain the business communication process.3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver isa.0 transmissionb.0 modelingc.0 role-playingd.0 communication4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communicationb.0 contextualizingc.0 narrowcastingd.0 framingWeek Two Audience AnalysisObjective Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications.5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedmans the world is flat concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs.d.0 Technology is a ke y factor in globalization.6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approachb.0 Somersault approachc.0 Arrow approachd.0 Circuit approachObjective Differentiate between types of audiences.7.Which of the following is an example of thinking globally but acting locally? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions.8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate actionObjective Analyze audience perceptions and needs.9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awarenessb.0 increasing knowledgec.0 ensuring acceptanced.0 changing attitude10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structureb.0 making initial contact with your colleaguesc.0 assessing the companys commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional cultureWeek Three Developing the Communication StrategyObjective Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations.11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trustb.0 ethical trustc.0 motivated trustd.0 practical trust12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyaltyb.0 enhance promotional programsc.0 build word-of-mouth networksd.0 facilitate mass customizationObjective Select appropriate communication channels.13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative researchb.0 determination researchc.0 soft measurement researchd.0 hard measurement research14.The language that put id eas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printedb.0 electronicc.0 spokend.0 mediatedWeek Four Internal and External Persuasive CommunicationsObjective Create internal and external persuasive communications.15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguageb.0 vocalizationc.0 accentd.0 semantics16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning?a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a topdown process.d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agencys specific business or audience.Objective Use research to support persuasive business communications.17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instan t credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords.b.0 Be transparent and humble.c.0 Make lofty promises.d.0 Exceed designated presentation time.18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchartb.0 Physical symbol systemsc.0 Transactional communications modeld.0 Sociogram19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statementsb.0 Qualitative toolsc.0 Quantitative toolsd.0 ObjectivesObjective Evaluate messages for noise.20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issuesb.0 noisec.0 the environmentd.0 cognitive dissonance21.Which of the following statements is true?a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions.c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of ho w words affect decision-making processes.22.Pausing in the process of communicating a messagea.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the senders motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of ones message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her ownWeek Five Evaluating Consultant CommunicationsObjective Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications.23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using socialmedia? a.0 Technology issuesb.0 Lack of understandingc.0 Negative comments by employeesd.0 Legal concerns24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managersb.0 Accountantsc.0 Consultantsd.0 CustomersWeek Six The Persuasive Communication PlanOb jective Design persuasive communications.25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listenerb.0 Selective perceptionc.0 Cognitive dissonanced.0 Self-determination26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perceptionb.0 Vocalizationc.0 Diversificationd.0 Detection27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementationb.0 Decisionc.0 Detectiond.0 FramingObjective Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels.28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the contextb.0 Sender, receiver, and feedbackc.0 Need, cost, and outcomesd.0 Benefits, appeals, and details29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the pro blems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in a.0 precision listeningb.0 selective perceptionc.0 cognitive dissonanced.0 extemporaneous thinking30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as comprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedbackb.0 Suggested revisionsc.0 Terminal actiond.0 Vocalizationprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what?a.0 Feedbackb.0 Suggested revisionsc.0 Terminal actiond.0 Vocalization

Discuss Dicken’s portrayal Essay

Charles dickens wrote Great Expectations in 1860. He wrote it around attitudes in Victorian England, towards children especi all(prenominal)y. Children were highly disciplined, and the main character in Great Expectations, spotlight, was a typical example of a child of this time. Society in England at this time was built into two main classes- upper and set out. The plaza class society, that is most common today, was just beginning to break through. Pip and his family, consisting of his sister, Mrs Joe Gargery, and her husband, Mr Joe Gargery, were a typical lower class family.They had a genuinely normal lifestyle, with little or no education, a small house, with genuinely little money, and a simple life. Great Expectations was set in Southern England, in the marsh coun try on, within, as the river wound, twenty miles from the sea. From this sentence, you can begin to build up a picture of Pips surroundings. the Tempter uses harsh adjectives, such as bleak, dismal, dark and savage to describe Pips world. By doing this, we specify a authentic picture of how Pip lives. In a way, two uses the environment around Pip, and compares it to Pips life. This brings me onto my next point. Pip must have had a really lonely childhood.His mother, father, and five brothers all died, and his sister, Mrs Joe, has unwillingly bought him up. She makes it blatantly obvious she doesnt want him throughout his life, by making certain comments. I may truly say Ive neer had this apron of mine off me, since born you were. Its bas enough to be a blacksmiths wife (and him creation a Gargery) without being your mother. Pips only friend is Biddy, and he also has a strong bond with Mr. Joe. Both him and Mr Joe are gadfly sufferers of Mrs. Joes strict ways, and this brings them closer together. They can confide in each other, and Joe is like Pips mentor.Ever the best of friends, ant us, Pip? Despite Mrs. Joes image of being harsh, a very, very independent, it is obvious she c ould not live without Mr. Joe, because, as with all households at this time, he is the breadwinner and as she does not work, she could not survive without him. Pip is a very innocent, nai ve young boy. He does not understand things that happen in his life, he simply accepts them. Why Mrs Joe uses the tickler on him, he does not know. When the reader gets to the part about the bunko game and the hulks, he doesnt know why people are locked up, and cannot foresee the bad berth of people.He fears Mrs.Joe, merely he knows without her he would be dead, and she makes a point of telling him this. If it warnt for me youd have been to the churchyard long ago, and stayed there. When Pip meets the convict, he is understandably terrified. He immediately intimidates Pip, but although Pip is scared, he still treats him with respect, and calls him sir. The convict threatens Pip, but still Pip is polite. If you would kindly please to allow me keep upright, sir, perhaps I shouldnt be sick, an d perhaps I could attend more. This makes the reader the essence that Pip is very polite, and respectful to everyone, and he hides his line upings.For example, on Christmas day, when Mr Wopsle and uncle Pumblechook are saying how ungrateful he is, he does not retaliate and simply bites his tongue, because he does not want to be disrespectful to his elders. I call that this is the way Dickens wanted to portray Pip, so we would believe what Pip is saying, and see him as being innocent, and not really capable of lying to us. Pip and the convict can be seen as fair similar, in a strange way. Once the convict learns of Pips background he begins to feel sorry for him, and I think that Pip feels sorry for the convict, because of his situation.It is also obvious that the convict trusts Pip, because he sends him for food, even off when he knows Pip could easily tell on him, and he could get recaptured and sent back to the prison ship. Pip doesnt tell on him, however, and returns with food. When the convict is finally recaptured, he makes up a theme about breaking into the forge, and stealing the food, and he does not say Pip stole the food for him. Although the meetings amongst the two were short, they developed an understanding, and trusted each other.The way Dickens portrays the convict and Pips friendly relationship gives us an idea as to how trusting Pip is, and his kind nature and personality. Something clicked in his throat, , as if he had works in him like a clock, and was going to strike. Then he smeared his ragged rough limb over his eyes. The something that I had noticed in front, clicked in the mans throat again, and he turned his back. I think this click Pip refers is the convict having a lump in his throat, and showing emotion, and the click is him swallowing this lump. This shows that although the convict could be dangerous, he has emotions, and Pip can tap into this emotion.As the novel develops, Miss Haversham and Estella are introduced. M rs. Joe is very pleased when Pip is given the chance to go to Miss Havershams house and play. She believes it will give him the chance to become a gentleman and make something of his life. If this boy ant grateful this night, he never will be Pip goes off to Miss Havershams, and although the house in which she lives in decrepit, and in a very bad state, he is very impressed because it is so large, and unlike what he is used to. He is continually polite, even when Estella is rude to him. He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boySaid Estella with disdain, before our first game was out. And what earthy hands he has And what thick boots She patronises him, and it dents Pips confidence, and he begins to feel he is not profound enough for anything. This makes him insecure, and he wants to go home. Dickens makes the reader see his insecurity by saying Her scorn was so strong, that it became infectious, and I caught it. This makes the reader see that before the meeting, Pip is fairly cont ent with himself, and his life, be it a lonely one, but after Estellas comments he realises he is not as good as her, and he probably will never make anything of his life.When he realises this, you can gradually see his ambitions growing, and whereas before he was perfectly happy to become Joes apprentice, he knows he wont be happy, and wants to become someone who is respected. To sum all of this up, Pip is disciplined, and fearful of certain things. He can be intimated easily, but is still respectful. He has ambitions, and plans to make something of his life, but he is also insecure about his background, and whether he has the strength of character to pull himself out of the lower class society. He is very innocent, and gets bewildered easily.Dickens shows all of this by making Pip seem a lonely young boy, with no real family or friends, and he uses imagery to portray this. We watch Pip grow up, and learn about life, and try to make sense of things that are happening around him. Di ckens makes the reader feel sorry for Pip, and lets us see we can trust Pip, because he himself trusts everyone and does not doubt anyone. We can read this book and see life through a nai ve young boys eyes, and feel we are being told the absolute truth. This is the power of Dickens writing- we believe the protagonist, and feel it would wrong not to believe him.

Corrections Purpose and History Essay

The history of penalisation is a unique one, since the dawn of man human benignant has punished one another. Man did not merely throw someone in a bedroom and let them contemplate their crimes much(prenominal) as we do in todays order rather, during those untimely time, punishment was harsh and swift. Criminals were not drawn through the litigation processes instead, they were found immediately guilty of a crime and brought forth to be punished in an open forum, serving to the masses as an mannequin of the consequences of crime. The early forms of punishment in Europe varied greatly but all forms were meant to inflict impossible pain upon the recipient, and it is from the European methods of imprisonment from which the U.S. drew inspiration. Punishment such as crucifixion, burning on pyres, guillotines, and gauntlets argon but a few examples of what methods were utilized as early methods of punishment in early Europe. This illustrates the vestigial ideology that punishment should be administered with devil principles in mind, deterrence and retribution.Purpose and HistoryMethods of imprisonment introduced underweight the turn of the eighteenth century England inspired and revolutionized the way we punish and house inmates. In England during the fifteenth and sixteenth centurys corporal punishment reined supreme. Public beatings were carried come out in the streets with whips beheadings and torture were the norm for grievous crimes and enslavement was common for petty offenders. During the seventeenth century in England and other European countries, imprisonment for lesser offenses started to occur but conditions were less than desirable or humane. These facilities were overcrowded, unsanitary, and, worst of all, gender/age neutral, which meant that male felons often took liberties with incarcerated women and children (Incarcerated The History of the Penitentiary from 1776-Present, 1997). The American Colonies quickly embraced the vagary of impr isonment, because of the religious freedoms English settlers sought when they colonized this nation.The Quakers were a religious group that settled in the northeast United States and they developed new laws to govern punishment and incarcerations that concentrate on prolonged imprisonment to serve as retribution for crimes committed. The Quakers belief system focused on of morality, peace, non-violence, and humanity. As such they showed mercy on offenders by allowing them to shed their anti-social behaviors through long confines incarceration and a penance of hard labor. It is from this that modern the concept of reformation was established. Since this form of incarceration gained popularity, it has held onto two core principles that a criminal can make restitutions for his/her crimes and that a convict can be finally reintegrated back into society. The new form of punishment provided an alternative to the implemented punishments of yesteryear.auburn versus Cherry Hill dad Syst emThis reformation of how society punished criminals served as the foundation for new and competing theories on incarceration and punishment. In America around the early 1800s, two prison systems were the dominant models of labor the Pennsylvania and the Auburn State. The runner model was the Pennsylvania model, which was first used at Cherry Hill prison. This model used lone(a) confinement as its primary tool convicts were perpetually detained without interactions with other individuals or time outside of confinement. The idea was that solitary confinement would lead to inward reflection and religious motivation and result in a penitent convict. In fact the word penitentiary actually comes from the Pennsylvania model of perpetual confinement because it had religious implications. At first, particularly in Cherry Hill, a Bible would be left in the solitary confinement cells in the hopes it would help prisoners repent. The second model was the Auburn State prison system, which ba ck up the labor penance model. It operated under the assumption that hard, physical labor could not only serve as restitution but as a means of helping a convicted criminal reintegrate into society fully reformed. Often, prisoners worked during the day in total silence and would be hosed down them at night.A chief(prenominal) criticism of the Auburn system was that prisoners were being used essentially as slave labor. Inmates were being farmed out to private business owners, who had contracts with the state, which in turn lined the pockets of the private businesses and cut costs for the state. As such, the Auburn model became the popular model, because states faced significantly less prison and prisoner cargon costs. Businesses paid a fee in order to use the prisoners and the prisoners acted as unpaid labor for the businesses. The state prisons pocketed the fees thus creating a revenue stream that could be used to support the prisons, rather than tapping into state funds, i.e. tax payer dollars (Colvin, 1997). rough the 1920s to 1930s many changes occurred due to the state of the economy and activists pressing the government for prison reform. iodine of the main changes occurred when Congress enacted the Hawes Cooper Act, which effectively stymied the sale of prison-make goods or the use of prison-labor by making such goods subject to state punitive laws.This act was passed in no small part due to the jobs that were undeniable by good upstanding citizensjobs that were being taken away during extremely tough financial times by cheap prison labor. Congress had the authority to pass such a law convey to its power to control and tax interstate commerce. The Ashurst-Sumners Act was the final nail in the coffin by prohibiting transport companies from accepting prison-made products (McShane & Williams,1996). The changes that stemmed from the Depression helped shape the correctional system into the rehabilitation-oriented program we suffer today. Prisoners are right away classified into the likelihood of rehabilitation and the type of crimes that were committed, and this determines what type of facility an offender is incarcerated. Since 1935, the government made it clear that prisons must separate prisoners on the basis of gender and age. Now, facilities specifically for juvenile offenders have been established and the handling procedures for younger offenders have been defined.Further to a greater extent than, there are programs to rehabilitate all types of offenders whether their needs are as simple as talking to someone during counseling sessions or educational opportunities. In some slipway this system has been detrimental to corrections as a whole because it arguably results in overcrowding and a more lenient attitude if you commit a crime then you will only have to dispense with years off your life rather than hard labor and making reparations for the crime (Seiter, 2011). Over-population has resulted in more money taken from the taxpayers because if there are more people in the correctional system, more facilities and attending are needed. Crime levels have dissipated over the years but not dramatically generous to really prove that this system is the true solution to our problems.ConclusionModern principles of rehabilitation and reform have brought about the institution of facilities to incarcerate convicted individuals these structures are called penitentiaries, jails, and prisons. Current prisons are more aptly concerned with long detention rather than a temporary housing prior to punishment like it was used as in the past. Todays Prisons are a shell of the former institutions. Inmates in facilities today would never allow themselves to be used for labor outside prison walls it would be considered cruel and unusual punishment. For now the correctional system work, but soon it could be on the verge of collapse and any arcsecond the flood gates could burst and the concept of rehabilitation could come to an end.ReferencesMcshane, M. D., & Williams, F. P. (1996). Encyclopedia of American Prisons (2nd ed.). Taylor and Francis. INCARCERATED THE HISTORY OF THE punitory FROM 1776-PRESENT. (1997). Retrieved from http//www.richeast.org/htwm/jails/Jails.html Colvin, M. (1997). Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs Social Theory and the History of Punishment in Nineteenth Century America. St. Martins Press. Seiter, R. (2011). corrections an Introduction (3rd ed.). Upper saddle Hall, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

A Book Review on “Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court”

In the governmental and companionable satire A computerized axial tomography Yankee in King Arthurs Court, denounce Twain demonstrates his excessive pride and notoriety in the political, economic, and technological advances of his time by developing an interesting plot in which an nineteenth coke mechanic travels back to the time of a cruel feudalistic Camelot and attempts to modernize and improve it. Over every, in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court, Mark Twain compares the basic political, social, and technological principles of the 19th America to the medieval ages of Great Britain.On a political scale, the novel denounces that the medieval uttermost exemplified grim rule by the monarch, unity between church and state, and showed that many of the people had extremely harsh judgment. On a social scale, Mark Twain demonstrated that the Middle Ages carried a strict separation of classes where the grandness and clergy had much control, while the peasantry had almost non. Last, on a technological scale, Mark Twain implies that conjuring trick is not real and he goes on further to prove that the technology and tools of his time frame could have greatly improved the Middle Ages.All in all, Mark Twain creates an ideal character from his time that ends up creating a semi-utopian environment in Camelot. When Hank Morgan awakened into the medieval world of King Arthur and Camelot, he saw political injustice. To compensate for this injustice, Morgan used his status as a beneficiary tool and combated against the church and the royal privileged. Overall, he made the people of Camelot aware of the injustice of their time and gave them the hope for an optimistic future.From this, we can see that Mark Twain believed that his time frame possessed the best fiber of government in which church was apart(p) from state. Furthermore, Mark Twain implies that the people of his time had better judgment. For example, in order to save himself from death, Morgan reme mbers that an ellipse occurred on that day and informs the people that he will cover the whole world in darkness. As he said those words, the ellipse occurred thus making all the gullible citizens of Camelot to believe that he was extremely powerful.As a result, he was spared. Thus from this example, it is evident that the people of the middle ages were quick to rational supernatural phenomenon so far though it was just pure science at work. Conclusively, Mark Twain glorified his time period to an extent that the he used the horrid faults of the Middle Ages as an example in his novel, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. The next major point that Mark Twain treasured to concentrate on was based on the social conditions.In the novel, Hank Morgan is a witness of injustice and social inequality that he believes needs to be altered. Once again, it is noticeable from this that Mark Twain shows bias towards all other types of social distinctions, and rather favors the American de mocratic way. Furthermore, Twain enforces dissimilar principles of what he believes to be genuine government in which the nobility and commoners alike enter into a life of respect, dignity, and purpose towards each other.Moreover, with Morgan, it obvious to see that Twain is against slavery and is pro- training. All of these characteristics are evident because Morgan eventually abolishes slavery and builds various(a) schools including West Point. Lastly, Mark Twain shows great respect for the technological advances of his time through the characterization of Morgan. For example, as a mechanic, Hank Morgan realized that his life would be unbearable with out technology.As a result, he begins inventing various equipment like telephone, telegraph, and even bicycles inventions that otherwise would seem preposterous to exist at that time but were greatly revered in the 19th century. It also becomes evident that Mark Twain had great respect for education and very little in superstitio n or magic. For example, because of Morgans scientific knowledge, he was able to yell the eclipse and he was even able to turn aside a half-dozen charging knights by simply blowing a column of pipe smoke from beneath his armored face shield.Furthermore, another example of where education outpoured magic was when Morgan restored the flow of water to a fountain by simple mechanics, while Merlins sorcerous methods did not work. In conclusion, the social and political satire, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court, by Mark Twain, uses a character from 19th century America as a type of savor to the horrible feudalistic times of the Middle Age Camelot.By stressing bias beliefs about the political, social and technological advance of his time, Mark Twain creates a nearly utopian environment for Camelot. Oppression, social injustice, and slavery were abolished, while education, inventions, just government, new professions like engineering and even belief of a virtuous sexual climax t o life was introduced. All in all, by showing mans inhumanity and then its victories through a utopian type of middle age society in a satirical fashion make this literary pieces one of the best literary works of our time.

Disney’s Transition into Television and its Effects on Child Actors Essay

Disney has descend up their enterprise into many different beas, genius of them being tv set. As Disney has explored the medium of television, they shake off focused the reads for the reference of tykeren. In 1955, The Mickey Mouse Club was one of the first shows that Disney had on television. In order to invoke to younger audiences, the show had young attractive stars performing before a alert audience, clowns, magicians, car alsons, guest stars, educational elements, and music written for the show (Pendergast). Children correspondingd to watch the show because they were watching kids that were ab break through the same age as them, and they could relate to the actors.The pincerren watching the show were heavily influenced by the Mickey Mouse Club because they looked up to and saw the actors as role models (Telotte). They needed to be like the actors, so Disney profited off this generation of babyren by putting come forth merchandise related to the show. In this g overnment agency, Disney started dress much and to a greater extent specie because of these child actors. Many people argue about the effect that watching Disneys television shows and their positive and prejudicious influence on kids (Hillstrom). However, what about the effect that Disneys television shows conduct on the child actors?These children glide by their childhood on the sets of television shows, being a kid is a full-time job, with scripts to memorize, and tutoring to endure (Corliss). They ar playing the examples of dominion kids, without being able to experience a normal childhood themselves, it is no curiosity that many child stars stay into trouble when they start growing up and moving out (Armstrong, Markovitz) and expire Disney, because they have non been able to experience normal life growing up as a Disney actor.Disneys ability to grow teen talent year after year is what exculpates the Disney Channel so palmy (Luscombe). While Disneys other ventur es are non making as much money as they used to, Disneys Teen Machine has become a finely tuned profit tenderness in an industry rife with unpredictability (Luscombe). Disney seems to have figured out the formula for a bulky teen star, and they know when they see one. Casting agents at Disney say that while they love mettlesome-energy kids who move deliver a line and get the humor, they avoid overtrained types they try to cast very real kids who have raw talent (Armstrong).For about child stars, television is not the endgame, it is beneficial the launchpad that they inquire to get themselves up until they become big stars. They also cannot just rely on their raw talent to get them though, acting is their job and they are getting paid to film the shows and star in the movies that Disney creates, so they charter to not only be cute, smart, and quick to learn lines, that also dedicated, focused, and in it for the long attractor (Armstrong).Disney Channels stereotypical tele vision character is a teenage girl or boy with a strong family who sometimes gets into funny situations that they learn from in the end. The story lines differ from show to show, but the characters usually have that same background. They always have strong family values with an annoying sibling or two in order to pay off the show more interesting. Many of Disneys successful shows have been known to continue for at least four seasons and sometimes more. This is because Disney is a family friendly network so they advertise wholesome family entertainment, and appeal to not only the children, but also their parents (Pendergast). Parents are a very large part of Disneys enterprise, because they are the ones who are buying all of the merchandise.If they do not think that a certain show is having a positive influence on their children, they will snap letting their children watch the show which leads to less merchandise being bought. In this way, the teen actors also need to be very awar e of the decisions that they entertain. Because they are the stars of these Disney shows, the kids that watch them on television look up to them. They right off become role models for these children whether they want to be or not. And if they instal a bad decision in their everyday lives and it gets into the media, and parents disapprove of the message it sends to their children, they stop being consumers of the actor and the show.Eventually the child and teen actors grow up, and want to put up the Disney Channel and pursue a career as an adult actor. However making the switch from Disney to Hollywood has not been achieved often. Disney has crafted a certain image for their stars, and it is hard for the actors to shake an image that has been associated with them for most of their childhood. The young actors grow out of the Disney shows and want to branch out into more serious roles, and many leave Disney and a lot of money behind to do so, for example Hilary Duff star of the hit Disney show Lizzie McGuire famously walked away from a multi-million dollar offer to start off on her own without Disney (Armstrong, Markovitz).sometimes the upside for Disney is that when a star moves on, the company no longer has to answer for every saucy leaked picture show and tabloid scandal in order to keep up their cookie cutter image (Armstrong, Markovitz). However, Disney would like to keep making money off of the stars, and they do that by creating more opportunities so that the talent is more interested in engaging longer with the company (Luscombe).In trying to keep their young stars, Disney has created more opportunities for the stars within the company (Luscombe). Disney has created many paths that they have their stars take, in wanting them to stay at Disney, they make the stars get involved in all aspects of disney. They make the stars go into no only acting in their television shows, but also getting involved in music and singing. This not only helps the stars gai n more fame and winnows, but makes Disney much more money than before. Instead of hiring actors and singers and dancers, Disney has shaped their stars so that they do everything with just one person. Disney has also had success in putting all three of these aspects together when they created High School musical and The Cheetah Girls.They also take stars from their different television shows and put them in special episodes of other shows. This manoeuvre advertises the individual actor and also a new show. Another way Disney gets their stars more involved in the company is if the stars record music and they put it in another movie, it advertises both the actor and the new movie. Disneys advertising tactics have make their company more successful, and also their stars more famous.However because Disney has incarnate the stars into the company so much and has advertised them and their work as Disney, it is hard for them to branch out, which is exactly what Disney wants. They want t o make it hard for the Actors to become disassociated with Disney. However, some stars handle branching away from Disney better than others. For example, Shia LaBeouf became very successful after Disney, starring in many great movies such as the Transformers series. Other former Disney stars handled the Disney stigmatization badly, such as Miley Cyrus.She starred in the very lucrative Disney Channel show Hannah atomic number 109. Where she played a very pure girl who moves for Tennessee to Malibu and has a secret life as a pop star. Miley had an eve harder job at getting away from Disney that most other stars because she was not only known for the character Miley Stewart that she played on the show, but also for the character Hannah Montana which was the pop star alter swelled head on the show. She had two Disney characters to disassociate with and not just one. It was no secret that Miley had been publicly testing the water of adulthood for a few years, she was taking dramatic and daring Vanity Fair photos and had vaguely stripperish dance moves at an awards show performance (Donahue).She also started to dress differently, less like the character on the show, and more of the short shorts and skin showing clothes. She was trying to change her image from Disney to more dangerous. However, the parents of the children who watched Hannah Montana were angry and do accusations that Miley was now a bad role model for their children and she lost some of her Disney fan base. Disney makes you a star, you make them an enormous amount of money, and then you either crash and burn or you go out and stake your claim in the real ball (Donahue).In trying to branch out and get out from under the Disney stereotype, many of the former Disney stars have gotten into trouble with drugs and partying because they go to such drastic measures to change their image. They turn to drug use for the reason that it is so anti-Disney and they feel like that is the only way for people to see them not as their Disney Channel characters but as adults. But because Disney started their careers, they are obligated(predicate) to them and feel like they owe it to Disney to stay with them for longer than they would want to.They also now have so much money that they could potentially get out of the business all together and be slightly well off. Disney has made a lot of money off of them and their fame, but they have also made a considerable amount off of Disney. Disney has made its young actors so famous that the kids have the population at their feet (Armstrong, Markovitz).But how much has the Disney lifestyle affected the child actors in their development and view of the humanity around them. They have not grown up like other normal kids did, they act for a living, and it is a full time job. They have to memorize lines and they are on set all day, they do not have time to go to school so they have tutors (Corliss). They play characters that live normal lives, and go to school, but they have not experienced these things themselves first hand. They are sheltered from the outside world while they are being shaped by Disney.They are who many normal children look up to and want to be, but sometimes they might want to just be normal. Having to represent Disney and watch everything that they do and say is a stressful job, and that stress created by Disneys expectation of them and their fans expectation of them is enough to make anyone want to act out a bit, especially because they are teenagers.Being in the public center of attention and always being careful of what you do is not how children are conjectural to grow up. They are supposed to be able to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes, but these Disney stars do not get the opportunity to make those mistakes because everyone is watching them and if they made even a minuscule mistake, the public would criticize them to no end. They have to live up to the Disney stereotype of the perfect pure child and also try to grow up and learn. Which is why when these stars try to deviate from Disney and to branch out from them, they take the most drastic measures possible because they do not know any other way.These child actors have so many children looking up to them, and so many people watching them that they do not have any room to breath and just be kids, they grow up too fast and then people criticize them for doing things that are too adult like wearing clothes that show ample amounts of skin or going out to clubs and partying, they grew up too fast in Hollywood and in the public spotlight.Disney has made billions off of these child actors and have created many opportunities for them to build their fame and fortune (Armstrong). But is Disney taking these children, shaping them into what they want the stars to be, and then when they are too old and Disney no longer needs them are they throwing these actors out to fend for themselves when they do not really know anything diff erent than Disney?Society expects these children who have had to grow up too quickly in the environment that they were placed in and have not had proper childhoods to be perfect and to not make any mistakes when realistically we should be encouraging them to make mistakes and learn from them. Our society has expectations that are too high for these children and are too high even for adults to meet. We need to put less pressure on these Disney child actors to be perfect and to encourage them to be kids and to have fun.The pressure that they have on them from Disney to be successful, make a lot of money, and to conform to what Disney wants them to be combined with societies expectations for them to be good role models and to always make the right decision is too much pressure for these children to handle. So they turn to drugs and alcohol so that they are no longer expected to be the perfect person. The child actors are sometimes overlooked in the argument of television, but they have also been affected.

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker Essay

Argument Analysis about The Moral Instinct by Steven Pinker - Essay ExampleHe asserts that the distinct patterning of brain activity displayed in this and other experiments illustrates an instinctive honorableistic sense that exists organically in the human brain, hardwired in a manner similar to how other theorists waste posited grammar as fundamental to human instinct, yet distinct from other types of mental and emotional activity. Pinker invokes historys best-thought-through moral philosophies, including the Golden Rule (itself discovered many times) Spinozas Viewpoint of Eternity the mixer Contract of Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke Kants Categorical Imperative and Rawlss Veil of Ignorance... (as well as) Peter Singers theory of the Expanding Circle, numerous scientific studies from psychology, neuroscience, sociology, and other disciplines to build his thesis from authoritative sources of reference, yet ultimately fails to launch conclusively why his hypothesis is differentiated from pure supposition. (Pinker, 2008) For example, in The Moral Instinct, Pinker writesAccording to Noam Chomsky, we are innate(p) with a universal grammar that forces us to crumple speech in terms of its grammatical structure, with no advised awareness of the rules in play. By analogy, we are born with a universal moral grammar that forces us to analyze human action in terms of its moral structure, with just as little awareness. The idea that the moral sense is an innate part of human nature is not far-fetched. A list of human universals imperturbable by the anthropologist Donald E. Brown includes many moral concepts and emotions, including a distinction between right and wrong empathy law admiration of generosity rights and obligations proscription of murder, rape and other forms of violence redress of wrongs sanctions for wrongs against the community shame and taboos. (Pinker, 2008)Symbolically, Pinker begins his strain by introducing historical figures or pop culture

Short Story Fiction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Short Story Fiction paper - Essay ExampleThe Necklace relates Mathildes attitude towards biography and her struggle to face the consequences of her actions. The character of Madame Loisel, and its appeal to the referee, undergoes dramatic change as the story progresses. The reader is lordly of the shallow protagonist who makes her appearance at the start of the story. As the narration progresses, Madame Loisel undergoes a transformation and the reader empathizes with Madame Loisel and her struggle. The Necklace, is a poignant tale of human folly. It is also a tale of transformation and human redemption. Madame Loisel is a dissatisfied woman whose social pretension leads to disaster, but she redeems herself to emerge as a woman of tangible character and strength. At the beginning of the narrative, Mathilde Loisel is a dissatisfied housewife. She is constantly aware of The contrast between her charm, her inherent good taste, her beauty on the one hand, and the mediocrity of her i ntent as the wife of a presidential term employee, on the other (Donaldson-Evans, 167). She feels that she is destined for better things and bitterly resents her position. Madame Loisel foolishly disdains what she has and hankers after what might have been. She spends hours imagine of every delicacy and every luxury (Maupassant, 3) which her modest means cannot afford. She contrasts every aspect of her present life with the luxury that could have been hers under more fortunate circumstances her poor furniture with exotic tapestries and earnest lamps, her humble maid with grand footmen and her simple meals with rich feasts eaten on silver platters. Madame Loisel is obsessed with the tantalizing dreams of wealth. She does not appreciate the fact that Loisel loves her and that her hapless husband is forever bending over backward to please her (Donaldson-Evans, 168). Loisel gets tickets to the fellowship with great difficulty and is disconsolate with his wifes tears over the lack of an appropriate dress. He sacrifices his own dreams of buying a hunting piece in order to furnish her with a unused dress. Although she is married to a man who cherishes her in every way possible, she remains wrapped up in her dissatisfactionAnd she wept all day long, from chagrin, from regret, from despair, and from distress (Maupassant, 6). Her days are filled with sorrow. She does not derive any delectation from life. She rejects the reality of her existence to imagine another filled with the trappings of a superior social position. Madame Loisels yearning for social recognition and wealth leads to her downfall. The ruling passion of her life is to please, to be envied, to be beguiling and sought after (Maupassant, 5). She is so obsessed with the outer trappings of social position ( jewelry and dresses) that she loved zero point else she felt herself made for that only (Maupassant, 5). When her husband secures tickets to the prestigious party, she does not appreciate his conc ern but throws the invitation at his face. Although she is aware that their straitened financial circumstances do not warrant the purchase of a new dress, she caterpillar track against Loisel and her indignation leads to irritability and depression (Donaldson-Evans, 167). Once this hurdle is overcome, she desires jewelry. Rejecting the alternative of fresh flowers, she borrows the necklace from her friend. She is so enraptured with the jewelry that