Resource Directory Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Resource Directory - Coursework Example Sonya Stanton is the university student academic advisor who provides students with academic advices. He can be contacted through sstanton@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2203. Karen Wilkerson is the Student Finance Associate Director of Student Finance, and he provides advices regarding disbursement of loans among other financial issues. He can be contacted via kwilkerson@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2215 (Class Template, 01). The university administration also helps students in changing their personal information or contact. These changes also engulf changes in marital status. Brigit Mattix is the Director of Student Services who helps in ironing students’ personal information issues, and he can be contacted through bmattix@argosy.edu. Solutions within this regard are found in 214.459.2244 (Class Template, 01). Dallas University is an academic institution; thus, students may sometimes need to access library personnel or some academic materials. Jennifer Hostutler is the Learner Support Specialist, and she handles Library and Academic Resource Center; therefore, students with literacy information needs can contact her through jhostutler@argosy.edu. Solutions in the information literacy are found in 214.459.2215. Finally, most of the information in the university is in technology form; thus, students with problems of accessing online information including class site and email should contact the Tech nology support team through campus_support@argosy.edu. Technology problems’ solutions are found in 1.866.848.0776 (Class Template,

Strategy Analysis of Toyota Essay Example for Free

Strategy Analysis of Toyota Essay Toyota Motor Corporation is a famous Japanese multinational corporation, and is considered the world’s second largest automaker of automobiles, trucks, buses, robots, and providing financial services ( 2007). Its founder is Kiichiro Toyoda, born in 1894, and the son of Sakichi Toyoda, who became popular as the inventor of the automatic loom. Kiichiro inherited the spirit of research and creation from his father, and devoted his entire life to the manufacture of cars. After many years of hard work, Kiichiro finally succeeded in his completion of the A1 prototype vehicle in 1935, which marked the beginning of the history of the Toyota Motor Corporation ( 2007). The first Type A Engine produced in 1934 was used in the first Model A1 passenger car in May 1935 and the G1 truck in August 1935, and led to the production of the Model AA passenger car in 1936. In addition to being famous with its cars, it still participates in the textile business and makes automatic looms that are now fully computerised, and electric sewing machines that are available in different parts of the world. It has several factories around the world, which serve to manufacture and assemble vehicles for local markets. The corporation’s factories are located in countries such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Poland, France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico, Japan, Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Despite the many locations of its factories, its headquarters is located in Toyota, Aichi, Japan (2007). It invests a great deal of time and effort in its research into cleaner-burning vehicles, such as promoting a Hybrid Synergy Drive and running a Hydrogen fuel cell in its vehicles (2007). It has significant market shares in developed countries, such as the United States, Europe, Africa and Australia, and has significant markets in South East Asian countries. Its brands include the Scion, its division in the United States, Guam and Puerto Rico, and the Lexus, which is Toyota’s luxury vehicle brand ( 2007). Aside from producing cars and other types of automobiles, such as SUVs and coasters, Toyota also, participate in rallying or racing. The company’s presence in Motorsport can be traced to the early 1970s, when Ove  Andersson, a Swedish driver, drove for Toyota during the RAC Rally in Great Britain, and in succeeding years, Toyota Team Europe was formed ( 2007). Up to the present, Toyota cars are still being used in a variety of racing events in different countries around the world. These events include the CART in Vancouver, the Le Mans, the Indy Racing League, the NASCAR, and the Toyota F1 Series (2007). As the leader in the industry of automobile manufacture and production, the company adopts a philosophy in terms of its production system, which is named The Toyota Way. The company’s philosophy in production involves a list of fourteen principles that are implemented in the company, and serve as guides to the operation of the company. This includes the following principles: * Base the company’s management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term goals; * Foster a continuous process flow to sight problems; * Utilise â€Å"pull† systems to prevent over-production; * Level out the workload of the workforce; * Build a culture that stops to fix problems, in order to get quality perfect at the first try; * Standardised tasks are the company’s foundation for its continuous improvement and the development of the employees; * Use visual control to let problems surface; * Use reliable and tested technology, which serves both the people and the company’s processes; * Train leaders who understand the company’s work, live its philosophies, and share it to others; * Train and develop a workforce who follow the company’s philosophy; * Respect the work and responsibilities of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve; * Actually immersing one’s self to understand the situation; * Slow but sure decision-making through consensus, through considering a variety of options, and to implement decisions effectively and efficiently; and, * Becoming a learning business organisation through expression and continuous improvement ( 2007) With these principles, the company is guided in terms of its operations and production. Through these principles and philosophies, it can become efficient and effective in manufacturing its products, keeping in mind the  welfare of its employees, the image and brand of the company, and the satisfaction of its employees. 2. MACRO ENVIRONTMENT ANALYSIS Suggested model PESTEL model (showed how the environment affect the industry we chosen) reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis Currently, Toyota faces a need for accelerated investment, in order to deploy the new technologies, for pressing geo-political, economic, environmental and societal reasons. 3.1. Political Observers will see a continuing progression in the ruinous steps which have forced the industry into a socio-politico-economic corner. Whether this is related to flat demand or to the company’s creation of an ever-wider range of vehicles that many buyers seem to care little about, there is a problem. The company is likewise linked closely to the policies of governments, the earnings of banks. Little wonder then that so many emerging countries are keen to develop an auto sector or that there is such a political pressure to protect it in the developed countries. Toyota Company is currently dominated by little more than a handful of firms, each wielding colossal financial, emotional and political power. The company’s approach to dealing with political institutions has not always been brilliant. It tends to be good on technical issues, although it has not always fully presented the longer-term options, in order to make the choices and their implications clear. 3.2. Economic al For much of the developed world, and increasingly for the developing world, Toyota Company is a pillar company in auto mobile business, a flag of economic progress. Without Toyota Company in automotive industry, it is impossible to develop an efficient steel business, a plastic industry or a glass sector – other central foundations of economic progress. The Toyota Company has been a core company, a unique economic phenomenon, which has dominated the twentieth century (2007). However, the automobile industry including the Toyota Company now suffers from a series of structural schisms and has become riddled with contradictions and economic discontinuities. For the capital markets and the finance sector, it has lost a lot of its significance, as a result of ever declining profits and stagnant sales. The  proliferation of products means that it has become hopelessly wasteful of economic resources. While all these and more sound like a very gloomy assessment of such a vast economic phenomenon, the industry is not in the end despondent. A different future is possible for the industry, a highly desirable one. 3.3. Social As part of the development in automotive industry, the Toyota Company actually affects the society as a whole. It employs millions of people directly, tens of millions indirectly. Its products have transformed society, bringing undreamed-of levels of mobility, changing the ways people live and work (2007). The social value of the additional mobility that this industry brings involves the value of the people being able to commute over longer distances easily, among many others. For most of its existence the Toyota Company has been a model of social discipline and control and it is not just that the auto sector offers a ‘pillar’ of something else. There are, on the other hand, particular social issues to address in many developing countries, often those that are the result of an undertone of religious faith. Toyota company has the role to play in helping develop the mobility of such countries and it can be achieved at an acceptable social cost of the country is prepared to learn the necessary lessons from those who have traveled this route before it, and to make the necessary investments. 3.4. Technological The Toyota Company works on a scale so awesome and has an influence so vast that it is often difficult to see. The level and diversity of technologies that it must deploy are increasing, which imposes both new investment burdens and new uncertainties and risks (2007). Roughly a million new cars and trucks are built around the world each week – they are easily the most complex products of their kind to be mass-produced in such volumes. The industry uses manufacturing technology that is the cutting edge of science. But still, the potential for developing coordination skills, intellectual capabilities and emotional sensitivities through electronic technologies remain far from fully exploited. There are numerous additional near-term technological opportunities to adapt the company to changing energy availability. The possibilities suggest that automotive technology is  unexpectedly robust and provides a powerful defence against energy starvation even if the real price of oil climbs steadily during the next couple of decades. 3.5. Environmental Other than the vehicles themselves, and the roads and fuel needed to run them; the business is intricately tied to the manufacture of a wide range of components and the extraction of precious raw materials. Indirectly, it brings people road congestion, too many fatalities and a wave of other environmental troubles. The effect to the Toyota Company is that they needed to establish RD centres to take advantage of research infrastructure and human capital, so that they can develop vehicle products locally to satisfy the requirements of the environmental and safety regulations more effectively.

Political Correctness Essay -- essays research papers

Political Correctness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term â€Å"Political Correct† has been in the nation’s vocabulary for only a short period of time but has changed the way that we view life and communicate with one another. Political correctness, politically correct, and P.C. are terms that refer, to a social idea that is characterized by efforts to redress, mainly by the use of language, real or supposed discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, nationality, disability or any other criteria that could offended a particular group .The main goal behind political correctness is to prevent the exclusion or the offending of people based upon differences or handicaps. In an essay written by Michiko Kakutani entitled The Word Police , she examines the idea of political correctness and questions society for taking a good idea and making a mockery of it. Kakutani is quick to point out in her story that know one can argue that the moral idea’s behind being political correct are wrong but that those in potions of authority have gone completely out of control trying to rewrite the view of the world in a rigid unyielding style that forces words and phrases into the minds of ever person in America. Groups like the MLA (Modern Language Association) have taken words that have been used for centuries and have created new ones overnight that are political correct and non offensive, the problem is that society is not prepared to be political correct overnight and who is to judge w...

The Environment In Israels Environmental Sciences Essay

It is in battling air pollution that some of the greatest progresss have been made, notably in Haifa where for old ages the population suffered from the pollution emanations of the local oil refinery and the Israel Electric Company works, non to advert the big composites devoted to chemical production such as Haifa Chemicals. In Jerusalem, it is non industrial but vehicular pollution that is responsible for the debasement of air quality. Nature protection and wildlife management- Israel has a figure of nature and wildlife protection jobs that are alone. Because of rigorous runing Torahs and really active protection of wildlife, Israel has become a safety for many native animate beings in an country where there is small protection offered. Except for Jordan, none of the environing Arab provinces have a truly effectual nature protection service and many autochthonal animate beings such as gazelles, ibex, hyenas and others are now really rare in those states. In add-on, Israel is the impermanent residence and therefore de facto defender of more than three-fourthss of Europe ‘s migratory birds, which stop over here on their manner South in the fall and on their return to Europe in the spring. Noise abatement- Israelis, by and big are a noisy batch. Like all Mediterranean people they are convinced that if you are non heard you do n't be. Radios and stereos blaring, autos honk endlessly and the transition of address is a rareness. Pesticides- Until June, 2001, there were at least a twelve pesticides in usage in Israel that are banned in most western states. Since Israel exports a assortment of fruits, veggies and cheeses, efforts are so made to maintain pesticide degrees to a lower limit, since the agriculturists and manufacturers know that nutrient transcending the rigorous European criterions will be returned. Although both the ministries of wellness and agribusiness are supposed to supervise nutrient quality, both adamantly garbage to let go of their findings to the populace, keeping that â€Å" this would confound people. †Solid WasteRather more than 95 per centum of Israel ‘s solid waste is buried in landfills, burned in alfresco cavities or left to decompose in refuse mopess throughout the state. This is in contrast with Switzerland that buries merely 12 per centum of its refuse or Japan that buries 19 per centum. Recycling in Israel is so minimum as to barely merit reference.Surface Water PollutionThe serious nature of the pollution of Israel ‘s rivers was dramatically highlighted four old ages ago when a overcrossing over the Yarkon river collapsed and a group of Australian jocks viing in the Maccabi Games were thrown into the contaminated river below. Several later died, and others were injured, non from the autumn but from the insidious toxic condition from exposure to the toxic Waterss of the chemically-polluted river.Toxic WasteToxic waste disposal in Israel has significantly improved over the past few old ages but is still a long manner from satisfactory. But the toxic waste site itself is every bit large a job as the one it was designed to work out. At the same clip, toxic waste from agribusiness and from families and little concerns has barely been addressed.Urban SprawlIn 1948, merely three per cent of the land in the state was under paving or asphalt ; by 1992 the figure had grown to over 17 per centum. Even this figure does non look big for a province that has kn own such a drastic addition in population and such rapid development, except when one realizes that 95 per cent of the entire population of Israel lives North of Beersheba. This means that about all of the paved and asphalted land is in less than half the state.Initiative taken by Israel authorities for healthy environmentReforestationIsrael is a planetary leader of re-afforestation and nature saving. aˆ? Israel is one of the few states that began the twenty-first century with more trees than it had at the beginning of the twentieth century. The JNF attentions for 100,000 estates of natural forests. aˆ? Israel has over 150 nature militias and 65 national Parkss established throughout the state. Alternate Energy- Israel-based Solel has operated a field of solar panels in California ‘s Mojave Desert since the 1980s, cut downing U.S. dependance on oil by 2 million barrels of oil per twenty-four hours. aˆ? Israeli startup Project Better Place is working to make a country-wide electric auto substructure with the backup of the Israeli cabinet. aˆ? Using bacteriums that â€Å" eat † crude oil, PetroBioClean helps clean up oil spills on land and sea.Battling DesertificationIsrael remains committed to the early Zionist end to â€Å" do the desert bloom, † non merely at place but in tonss of developing states confronting turning desertification. aˆ? Israel is one of two states in the universe in which comeuppances are shriveling instead than spread outing. In 2006, Israel hosted the international conference on battling desertification and was praised by the United Nations for its attempts. aˆ? In 2007, Nigeria and Israel agreed to a $ 17 billion undertaking to change by reversal desertification and conveying 2 million agricultural occupations to the country.DesalinationAcknowledging the limited handiness of H2O resources early in its history, Israel has focused on going â€Å" the Silicon Valley † of H2O engineering. aˆ? Israel began its desalinization attempts in the sixtiess with the innovation of desalinization via vacuity freeze. aˆ? In 2010, Israel launched its 3rd desalinization works in Hadera. It is the largest of its sort in the universe.Water ConservationFrom the 1959 Water Law ( which made all H2O public belongings ) to the popular motto â€Å" Do n't Waste a Drop, † Israel has been a leader in H2O preservation. aˆ? Israel treats 92 per centum of its effluent and reuses 75 per centum in agribusiness, the highest rate in the universe. Through the usage of advanced irrigation techniques, Israeli farms have increased H2O efficiency from 64 per centum to 90 per centum, compared to traditional furrow irrigation. aˆ? JNF has begun six preservation undertakings, which will use of course happening wetlands to purify effluent, without added chemicals or the demand for increased energy.Agricultural DevelopmentIn the tradition of the early Zionist innovators, Judaic husbandmans continue to utilize a mixture of difficult work and invention to do Israel â€Å" a land of milk and honey. † aˆ? Israeli company Bio-Bee Biological Systems uses insects like humblebees and fruit flies to advance cross-pollination and control plagues in an environmentally friendly manner. aˆ? Israel is optimising growing government variables such as visible radiation, temperature, humidness, irrigation, and nutrition to cut costs and increase harvest efficiency Environmental regulations and ordinances there are several regulations and ordinances formed by the ministry of environment protection of Israel which are as under.Air quality-Suspension of Nuisances Law, 1961 Suspension of Nuisances Regulations ( Air Quality ) , 1992 Nuisance Abatement Regulations ( Air Pollution from Vehicles on the Road ) , 2001 Condemnable Procedure Order ( Finable Offenses – Air Pollution from Vehicles on the Road ) , 2001 Extra Nuisance Abatement Regulations Hazardous Substances Regulations Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Implementation of Provisions of the Montreal Protocol ) , ( Amendment ) 2009 Clean Air Regulations ( Disclosure of Air Pollution Data from a Motor Vehicle in an Ad ) , 2009 Clean Air Regulations ( Emission Permits ) , 2010Environmental PlanningPlaning and Building Law, 1965 Planing and Building Regulations ( Environmental Impact Assessments ) , 2003 Licensing of Businesses Law, 1968 Freedom of Information Law, 1998 Representation of Environmental Public Bodies Law ( Legislative Amendments ) , 2002 Environmental Protection Law ( Polluter Pays ) ( Legislative Amendments ) , 2008 Local Authorities Law ( Environmental Enforcement – Governments of Inspectors ) , 2008 Freedom of Information Regulations ( Public Access to Environmental Information ) , 2009Hazardous SubstancesPlant Protection Law, 1956 Work Safety Regulations ( Workers with Pesticides ) , 1964 Licensing of Businesses Regulations ( Disposal of Hazardous Wastes ) , 1990 Hazardous Substances Law, 1993 Licensing of Businesses Regulations ( Hazardous Industrial Plants ) , 1993 Suspension of Nuisances Regulations ( Used Oil ) , 1993 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Import and Export of Hazardous Wastes ) , 1994 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Registration of Formulations for the Control of Pests Harmful to Man ) , 1994 Plant Protection Regulations ( Regulation of the Import and Sale of Chemical Preparations ) , 1994 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Classification and Exemption ) , 1996 Public Health Regulations ( Waste Treatment in Medical Institutions ) , 1997 Safety at Work Regulations ( Material Safety Data Sheets ) , 1998 Railways Regulations ( Hazardous Substances Transport ) , 1999 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Disposal of Radioactive Waste ) , 2002 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Criteria for Determining Validity Periods for Poisons Permits ) , 2003 Hazardous Substances Regulations ( Implementation of Provisions of the Montreal Protocol ) , ( Amendment ) 2009 Prevention of Sea Water Pollution by Oil Ordinance ( New Version ) , 1980 Prevention of Sea Water Pollution by Oil Regulations ( Marine Environment Protection Fee ) , 1983 Prevention of Sea Pollution ( Dumping of Waste ) Law, 1983 – Translation Prevention of Sea Pollution ( Dumping of Waste ) Regulations, 1984 Prevention of Sea Pollution from Land-Based Beginnings Law, 1988 Prevention of Sea Pollution from Land-Based Beginnings Regulations, 1990 Protection of the Coastal Environment Law, 2004SUMMARY OF ISRAELS chemicalIntroductionThe chemical industry plays an of import portion in Israel ‘s economic development, consisting some 20 % of GDP by industry and a turning portion of the state ‘s exports ( from 11.1 % in 2000 to 22.1 % in 2008 ) . Safe usage and ordinance of chemicals is an indispensable constituent of Israel ‘s environmental policy. The chief models for chemical direction in Israel are the Licensing of Businesses Law, 1968 and the Hazardous Substances Law, 1993. Enforcement includes supervising on the gross revenues and acquisition of chemicals and supervising on the import of chemicals ( by Israeli Customs ) .Appraisal of Chemical RisksMechanisms for systematic rating, categorization, and labeling of chemicals, including enterprises towards a consonant system of categorization and labeling of chemicalsAt present, the bing models for industrial chemical direction in Israel modulate the user of chemicals by agencies of rigorous steps for â€Å" cradle to sculpt † supervising of the production, import, storage, storage, processes, wastes and conveyance of chemicals.Following is a short outline of the mechanisms presently in usage in Israel:Hazardous Materials Permit: Under the Hazardous Substances Law ( 1993 ) , a Hazardous Materials Permit is required for the holder of any chemical, whether the substance is in its simple signifier, assorted, or blended. A license is merely granted if the functionary appointed by the Minister of Environmental Protection is satisfied with the applier ‘s acquaintance with the characteristics of the risky substances in his ownership and with their safety demands. Israeli Standard for Labeling and Marking of Dangerous Substantives: Israel Standard ( IS ) 2302 on Classification, Packaging, Labeling and Marking Dangerous Substances and Preparations ( revised in 2009 ) presents a compulsory consonant system that regulates the labeling of chemicals ( partially correlating to the EEC Dangerous Substances Directive ) . IS 2302 specifies labeling demands for chemicals in-house, during conveyance from installation to installation within the same compound, and during the conveyance of unsafe substances by route or rail. Labeling of transported chemicals: Regulation of the conveyance of risky substances rests with the Ministry of Transport. The ministry imposes specific demands for wadding, labeling and vehicle marker. The Transport Services Law of 1997 and its 2001 ordinances regulate the transit of unsafe substances and mostly correspond to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations ( The Orange Book ) . All transported risky substances are marked harmonizing to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals ( GHS ) and include information on the maker or importer of the substance, warning Markss, exigency codifications, action to be taken, UN figure, and telephone figure of an information centre. Information and Response Center for Hazardous Substances: The Information and Response Center collects quantitative and qualitative information on risky substances that are used, produced, imported, exported, transported and disposed of in Israel. Data relate to measures, types, features and concentrations of substances found in all sectors and at all degrees, including industry and establishments on the local, regional and national degrees. In add-on, the Center maintains informations on safety, sensing, designation, intervention, and neutralisation processs for chemical accidents.Enterprises for appraisal of toxic chemicals, jeopardy and hazard appraisalPresently, enrollment and licensing of chemicals is carried out on pesticides, pharmaceuticals, decorative readyings and nutrient additives. Pesticides used for agricultural and public wellness intents constitute a important per centum of all chemicals in Israel. The usage of these pesticides is carefully supervised to guarantee environmental wellness and safety. The Ministry of Agriculture ‘s Plant Protection and Inspection Service is in charge of the enrollment and ordinance of pesticides for works protection – representing most of the pesticides used in Israel.Registration of Pesticides for Agricultural UseThe pesticide enrollment procedure begins with proving and probe over a period of two old ages, following probationary blessing for limited usage. For the intent of enrollment, the Pesticides Division of the Plant Protection and Inspection Services has established standards for subjecting toxicology file to the interministerial commission for coordination of pesticide usage.Registration of Pesticides for the Protection of Public HealthThe enrollment procedure for pesticides for public wellness intents is separate from that for agricultural usage. Israel ‘s ordinances, approved in 1994, comply with rigorous international criterions and require applications for the enrollment of a new molecule, new preparation, reclamation and alteration of name/label/packaging, etc.Registration of PharmaceuticalsThe Pharmaceutical Administration of the Ministry of Health is responsible, inter alia, for the enrollment of drugs. Each application is accompanied by elaborate certification that relates to the consequences of a broad array of clinical and other experiments. Registration is merely granted following thorough reappraisal of these paperss every bit good as the reception of a certification of quality from the Institute for the Standardization and Control of Pharmaceuticals.Engagement in assorted international and regional enterprisesThe State of Israel has signed and/or sanctioned several international pacts on the usage of chemical substances:i‚†¢ The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants ( POPs ) :The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides ( PIC ) :The Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste:Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Montreal Protocol on Materials that Deplete the Ozone Layer:Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management ( SAICM ) :Recommendations on Guideline Values for Chemical Pollutants in the AirA study entitled â€Å" Ambient Guideline Values for Chemical Pollutants in the Air † was published in March 2006, with guideline values for 110 chemical pollutants in the air which are considered harmful to human wellness. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has adopted these guideline values and uses them as indispensable tools in determination devising processes on the followers: Approval and licensing of new installations in industry or enlargement and alterations to bing installations ; Reviews of wellness hazards to the population in instance of exposure to a given pollutant ; and Appraisal of the necessity to cut down pollutant emanations from different beginnings if pollutant concentrations in the air exceed guideline values.Protecting Public HealthThe Ministry of Health is responsible for protecting public wellness including, inter alia, supervising of imbibing H2O quality and ordinance of chemical, pesticide and weedkillers residues and endocrines in nutrient. Additionally, the Ministry of Health, in cooperation with the Ministry of Environmental Protection, coordinates many epidemiological studies. Following are some illustrations: Cancer, decease, kids ‘s illnesss and hospitalization were studied between 1990 and 1999 in the Hadera country, near a coal power station ; Prevalence of malignant neoplastic disease, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases and take a breathing jobs were studied in the Haifa country where the crude oil industry is concentrated, during 1995-2004 ; A few studies were conducted in the Tel Aviv metropolitan country sing the relation between air pollution and many symptoms. One was carried out in coaction with the US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) ;Sound Management of Toxic ChemicalsAdvancement within the larger model of Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management ( SAICM )Israel endorses the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management ( SAICM ) , took portion in the Dubai declaration and nominated a focal point for SAICM. Relevant authorities bureaus work harmonizing to the SAICM when explicating their work programs and regulatory instruments in order to accomplish hazard decrease, administration, answerability and duty.Enterprises and inventions for hazard decrease, peculiarly taking in to account the life rhythm of the chemicalsIsrael has a broad organic structure of statute law and plans aimed at the decrease of hazards from bing chemicals, such as workers ‘ wellness and safety commissariats ; demands for Material Safety Data Sheets ( MSDS ) ; official criterions on the categorization, labelling, packaging and selling of industrial chemicals ; footings and conditions in Hazardous Materials Licenses, studies and monitoring plans. Furthermore, the Ministry of Environmental Protection on a regular basis reviews information about chemicals that may present wellness and environmental hazards.Pesticides and BiocidesThe usage of pesticides for agricultural or public wellness intents is carefully sup ervised to guarantee environmental wellness and safety. In 1997 a alteration of all registered pesticides and biocides was initiated, ensuing in the prohibition of 11 active ingredients. Emphasis was given to curtailing or censoring chemicals that were antecedently authorized for usage. Specifically, chemicals with long DTs ( clip required for 50 % of the initial sedimentation to disperse ) are non granted a gross revenues licence. The undermentioned stuffs were banned or badly restricted after 1997: Sodium Arsenite Pentachlorophenol 2,4,5-TP Monocrothophos Ethyl Parathion Chlorphenapyr Aldicarb Hexasuron Dinitro-o-cresol Methoxyethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric chloridePolicies and models for bar of accidents, readiness and responseIn instance of accidents affecting risky substances, an incorporate exigency response system is imperative. To this terminal, Israel has developed a national exigency eventuality program for incorporate exigency response in risky substance accidents.Duties of the Chemical IndustryThe program imposes first duty for intervention of a chemical accident on the industrial works itself. Israel ‘s industries are required to take all necessary stairss to forestall accidents, to fix exigency processs, to develop staff, and to fix suited equipment and safety cogwheel. In line with these demands, the Manufacturers Association of Israel has prepared a comprehensive study on possible agencies of covering with chemical accidents that occur during the conveyance of risky substances.Enterprises to cut down overdependence on the usage of agricultural chemicalsDecrease of pesticide usage is an of import end whi ch aims to cut down environmental exposure to these stuffs. Pesticide ordinances are meant to forestall possible harm from uncontrolled exposure to pesticides. National Maximum Residue Limits have been established for all pesticides in Israel that are based, whenever appropriate, on the Codex Alimentarius Limits. In Israel, several undertakings have been initiated to advance incorporate pest direction. They include, among others, usage of screen harvests to protect the dirt surface, insect-proof cyberspaces, insect traps, and natural enemies.

Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians Essay

Despite the great attention that Black slavery are getting from different groups and individuals, the plight remains as there are some aspects that need to be further scrutinized and observed. Based on available literature, the slavery on Black tribes has been given only given a limited attention and that there has been a very low awareness that there exists slavery in the tribes of the Blacks Americans, including the Cherokee Indians. Southern histories which are supposed to retell the stories of Southern Americans do not provide a clear understanding and a vivid account on the slavery Cherokee nation. There are no available accounts of the complete history of the Cherokees and if there is, it only provides a little space for the discussion of the Cherokees—but nothing substantive, really. The Cherokees are said to be slave owners and regard themselves as a superior tribe. But despite their being slave owners, they treat their slave humanely unlike their white counterparts. The book Red over Black: Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians written by R. Halliburton Jr. basically revolves around this idea and unmasks the unknown facts of slavery in Cherokee Indians. revolves around this issue The author exposed the different aspects of slavery in Cherokees and appears to have exhausted the literature available with regards to the Indian Cherokees. The author made use of historical accounts to present factual thoughts on Indian Cherokee slavery. The book is written in outline form so as to provide the readers a chronological narrative of the facts and data about the Indian Cherokee slavery. The book is written in detail as the author employed a descriptive and narrative style to provide a clearer scenario of what he is trying to relate to his readers. The author presented his perspective in the issue on slavery of Indian Cherokees—or Indians in general. The author related that Indian Cherokees give benefits to their slaves. They even provide training for the development of their slaves. Their slaves are even hired to serve as carpenters, gardeners or other works that they deem in line with the slave’s capacities. After a while, these slaves would be eventually set free. Perhaps, the intended audience of the author is the general public who has little knowledge on the culture and history of Black slavery particularly on the side of the Cherokees. The book could serve as a tool for realization of the intended audience to what the Indian Cherokees has to offer. The book offers a different perspective on slavery. The usual accounts of literature would project slavery as one extremely negative thing—the scenario that slaves are always overworked and unpaid. The book also breaks the stereotypes among Black Americans or Indians. The blacks are always depicted as inferior and powerless, but this book did otherwise. The book, I think, succeeded in persuading me in the thesis presented. Through the author’s analytical narratives and description, he was able to present his points and ideas clearly and effectively. Generally, the book is commendable in its effort to unmask the unexplored part of the American history. It is an attempt in breaking the stereotype of the inferiority of the Blacks. More so, it is an excellent source in presenting another perspective of the American history while upholding the empowerment of the Black Americans. The author, R. Halliburton Jr. , is an author of a number of books pertaining to Black Americans. The usual themes of his book are the discrimination and interesting facts addressing the social plight of the Black Americans. Reference: Halliburton, R. Red over Black: Black Slavery among the Cherokee Indians. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.

Domestic Child Abuse Essay Example

Domestic Child Abuse Essay Example Domestic Child Abuse Paper Domestic Child Abuse Paper â€Å"Child abuse is more than bruises and broken bones. † These are the words of Saisan, Smith and Segal (par 1). in their article on Child Abuse and Neglect. Children have been abused at home by their parents, older siblings as well as those who take care of them. Perhaps they are punished because their misbehaviors but any punishment that goes beyond the boundaries is child abuse. Physical abuse is shocking because of the scars left behind but emotional abuse can even be worse. Little is known that ignoring the needs of a child or making a child feel stupid and worthless is child abuse (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 1-2). Why would parents assault their children? What are the dangers of after a child abuse? Is there any cure to end domestic violence? This research paper aims at exploring the causes, effects and solutions to domestic child abuse. Facts about Domestic Child Abuse Child domestic violence is a reality and it is happening at an alarming rate. It is however not committed out of an abnormal condition of the mind but it is committed by people who would be considered as normal. Child domestic abuse occurs everywhere in the world irrespective of a people’s culture, race, social class, religion or creed. Newman adds that â€Å"It is not an abnormal aberration; it is a fundamental characteristic of the way we relate to one another in private, intimate setting† (Newman 212). A survey carried out by Dr. C. H. Kempe in the early years of 1960’s, brought the society to the attention of domestic child abuse. Parents, siblings and caretakers did not only assault the children at home physically but also sexually. They did this more than the strangers did according to the surveys that Dr. Kempe made. He and his fellow colleagues referred to domestic child abuse as ‘battered child syndrome’ (Davis 3). Domestic child abuse is something that has been learnt. United States in particular is famously known for applying violence to achieve a goal. To the psychology of many people, it is only through violence that certain problems can be solved. Violence has pervaded culture. It starts from movies running down to schools, spectator sports, governments and at home. Families increase the intensity of the violence that already exists (Newman 212). Types of Child Abuse Though there may be different types of domestic child abuse, the core element is their effect on a child’s emotions. Whether the child was abused by slapping, a comment that is harsh, stony silence, or going without dinner, they all breed a feeling of insecurity, not being cared for and loneliness (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 13). Physical Abuse Physical injury or harm can result from a deliberate attempt by the parent or the care giver to hurt a child. It can also be as a result of instilling discipline in a child. Severe beating given as punishment that is not in accordance to the age of a child is physical child abuse. Additionally, when a parent physically attacks a child out of anger, he or she is abusive. A child should be made to know what is right or wrong in a calm way and not when the parents fumes with anger (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 18-20). This is the most common type of child abuse. According to reports 143, 300 children had suffered serious injuries out of physical abuse in US in the year 1990 (Carter, par 23). Emotional Abuse The old adage â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones but words will never hurt me? (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 14). As quoted by Saisan, Smith Segal in their article on Child Abuse and Neglect this saying will not apply when it comes to domestic child abuse. Emotional child abuse such as humiliating a child constantly, calling negative names, constant yelling and threatening the child, limited or no contact with the child such as hugging causes severe mental damage to a child leaving psychological scars that will for ever remain (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 15). Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse is not always a body contact. Even exposing a child to a sexual materials and situations is abusive. Both girls and boys are at risk of sexual abuse from close relatives and caregivers. This abuse leads to shame, guilt and makes a child feel stigmatized. They develop a hate towards themselves leading to sexual problems at later days such as failure to indulge into intimate sexual relationships (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 21-23). Child Neglect Failing to meet the basic needs of a child such as enough food, clothing and even supervision can be dangerous. A parent might physically or mentally fail to provide for the child and this will hurt their parent-child relationship. The older children in case of neglect will play-act as if all is well but neglect also affects them (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 16-17). Causes of Domestic Child Abuse Personal factors like stress and frustration are the major causes of domestic violence on children. The children spend most of their time with the members of his/her family. They are the people that children interact most with. Emotions in families run deep. For instance, anger towards a stranger cannot be compared to the anger towards a child at home. Newman in his book points out that â€Å"Family life contains endless sources of stress and tension† (Newman 212). Children expect so much from their families ranging from warmth, intimacy, emotional to financial support. When the children’s expectations are not met, stress takes toll. The child will start grappling and this can lead to their attack by parents or even elder members of the family. On the other hand birth and bringing up a child, employment transitions, financial problems, illnesses, among other factors are enough stressors to parents such that when slightly provoked by their children can lead to beatings and other forms of child abuse (Newman 212). When a parent or a caregiver is frustrated by life’s stressors, he or she may displace his anger to the vulnerable creature in the house. In the process, children are injured not because they have committed any crime but the parent’s failure to control their emotions (Williams, par 1). Addictions to alcohol and other drugs make great contributions to child domestic violence. Addiction to Alcohol leaves one with less self control not only when one is drunk but also when he/she is sober. The poor self control make one abusive to his/her children or the children that are put under the care if him/her. This is the leading cause for sexual child abuse at home (Williams, par 1). Domestic violence between parents leads to child abuse. When a child witnesses his/her parents in a tug of war, he is emotionally affected. It may become implanted in a child and may lead to youth and adult violence as well as other criminalities (Carter, par 4). More so, children can be physically injured in the process. The injury may be accidental during their parents’ attacking each other. For instance when an object is thrown and hits the child. Small babies may be hurt while it is being held. Children also are attacked while trying to make interventions to the fighting parents. Dangerously, a child can also be hurt intentionally in an effort of one parent trying to intimidate the other. Whether emotionally of physically, accidentally or intentionally, domestic fights between partners is one of the leading causes of domestic child abuse (Carter, par 6). Gang affiliation especially for children who are at their teens is also a cause to domestic abuse. The teens are bound to give away their family loyalty to their gangs. They for this move disrespect their older siblings and more importantly their parents. This can lead to attack by the family members even when they mean no harm for the child. The teens who now feel above the family law are constantly reported of attacking their parents and elder siblings (Williams, par 1). Symptoms of a Domestically Abused Child Children who are domestically abused are normally angry and aggressive after a slight provocation. More so, they are withdrawn and keep to themselves without indulging in any social activity. They are never cheerful and always wear a dull face. Other signs of domestically abused children include fear, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), and low self esteem (Jones . 41). Effects of Abuse Domestic child abuse leave life long scars irrespective of the abuse type. The scars might physically be seen and will heal away but emotional scars have effects that are long lasting. The emotional damage caused by domestic abuse is the most severe and affects a child in almost all aspects. Children who are emotionally abused find it difficult to maintain healthy relationships, cannot function properly at home and at school among other damages (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 8). Physical abuse can lead to severe injuries or death. Children get bruised faces, broken legs and hands among other injuries. (Carter, par 5). Some children cannot endure the torture and they die in the process. â€Å"More than three children die per day because of child abuse† (Carter, par 22). Carter laments in an article on, Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies for Prevention and Early Intervention (Carter, par 22). Following a research carried out between the years 1990 to 1994, about 5,400 children had died as a result of domestic child abuse (Carter, par 5). As Newman in his book Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of everyday life â€Å"Child abuse can sometimes be fatal† (Newman 212). According to a study carried out in the year 2004, approximately 1, 5000 children faced death as a result of abuse and neglect. Further studies revealed that of the deaths, 90% of the children had been killed by parents, a parent’s unmarried partner or close relatives. Most of the children, about 80%, who succumbed to death, were less than four years of age (Newman, 212). The children lack trust with their parents. Saisan, Smith Segal in their article on Child Abuse And Neglect ask a very sensitive question, â€Å"If you can’t trust your parents, who can you trust? † (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 8). When the primary caregivers have damaged their relationship with a child, the child lacks trust in them. They feel that their emotional needs as well as physical needs cannot be met by people responsible for taking care of them. When a child grows up with this mistrust, it is difficult in future to trust other people. The children will have problems in keeping relationships for fear of abuse and control. More so the child had never known what it means to have a good relationship and may end up in unhealthy relationships (Saisan, Smith Segal, par 10). Neglect and abuse of the child at home can break the attachment of the child from the caregiver or a parent who is abusive. The relationship between the parent and the child can easily be lost if the child constantly faces domestic violence. It can be so dangerous when the relationship is broken as the child can even deteriorate in behavior with an effort of hurting its parent. The child lacks respect for its parents (Jones 41). Domestic child abuse leads to a low self esteem. Due to constant abuses at home, the child feels worthless. It sees itself as a bad child who cannot do the right thing. For instance, when one grows in a family where he/she is always regarded as stupid, this is cultivated in the mind of the individual and it is very hard to change these feelings even as an adult. They will therefore end up doing poorly in school because they believe they are stupid. Even in working conditions an individual will not aspire for high level jobs because they believe they cannot deliver (Saisan, Smith Segal, par. 11). Very Young children cannot understand why they are being abused and tend to believe they must have committed a crime while it may not be the cause. They therefore start blaming themselves. Since they lack the ability to express their feelings, they become withdrawn and silent. Their self esteem is destroyed in the process (Volpe, par. 13). A pre-adolescent child can greatly externalize the negative emotions and will loose interest in any social activity. They become defiant at home and in school aggressive to other people especially in school and worse still, they are likely to indulge into drug and substance abuse (Volpe, par. 14-15). Children who have been victims of domestic abuse have difficulty in expressing their emotions. Their emotions come out in ways that are unexpected. In the adult life, the person will always have struggles with anxiety, anger, depression that cannot be explained. These painful feelings may lead them into alcohol and drug abuse in a way of numbing them (Saisan, Smith Segal, par. 12). Children who are assaulted in their families can loose concentration in class leading to poor performance. They can at times drop out of school as they have lacked meaning in life. Due to physical injuries, they are constantly absent from school to nurse their injuries. This negatively affects their studies (Jones 41). Generally, children who experience victimization at home are negatively affected in development, psychological functioning as well as in their adjustment. The effects are demonstrated in the behavioral and emotional symptoms. However, a child can be affected in the way he/she perceives events, coping with stress as well as reacting to problems. These and many more problems result fro domestic child abuse (Jones 41). Solutions to Domestic Child Abuse It is possible to curb domestic child abuse. According to the many researches that have been carried out, giving children adequate material, emotional and social support as well as giving them safety can end domestic abuse (Spears 6). Parents can stop from being abusive to their children and in turn cultivate love towards their children. Kids want to feel loved and special. By so doing, they are capable of making their dreams come true (Prevent Child Abuse, par 1). Parents should stop fighting between themselves. Their fights hurt children in one way of the other. The emotional injury that is done to a child during domestic violence between partners is life-long. If at all these injuries have to be stopped, parents should learn to solve their problems in other ways apart from fighting. They should even do it in their privacy out of the reach of children. In so doing most of domestic child abuse will have found a solution (Carter, par 6). Parents need to know how to control their emotions. As a parent or a caregiver who is faced by life challenges such as frustrations and tress from the work place, it is important to take some time out controlling your emotions and not reflecting it to the children (Prevent Child Abuse, par 3). Relatives, friends and neighbors can help their families who are struggling with domestic child abuse. They can spend their time together with the family helping them resolve their conflicts or look after the children for sometime to help parents relax and sort themselves out (Prevent Child Abuse, par 2). The public needs education to change their social norms that expose children to abuse at home. Educational campaigns on domestic child abuse will play a great role in informing parents and caretakers about the effects that result fro child abuse. They will hopingly apply what they have learnt and stop domestic child abuse (Carter, par 27) Finally, the community at large has a role to play to stop domestic child abuse. In case there is a feeling that a child is being domestically abuse, it is important to report the matter to the relevant authorities such as the local children’s department, family services or the local police. Children are vulnerable and cannot report their problems to others. Further more most of them are warned against spilling family private information to the outside world. Some of them do not know that they are being abused. The community therefore has to take initiative to help them out of domestic abuse (Prevent Child Abuse, par 10). Conclusion Domestic child abuse just like any other problem has its roots, adverse effects and can be solved once and for all. Children are constantly physically, psychologically, sexually abused and neglected by their parents or caretakers all around the world. Many are the root causes of these assorts ranging from frustrations, drug abuse to domestic violence to name but a few. The effects of any kind of domestic child abuse are far reaching; the child is affected emotionally. The future life of a child is destroyed at a very tender age though many people do not know this. There is therefore an urgent call to curb domestic child abuse especially by parents. When children feel secure, special and loved, they can sore to great heights to realize their dreams. Work Cited Carter, Janet. Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, and Youth Violence: Strategies For Prevention and Early Intervention. Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2004. Web. 8 July 2010 mincava. umn. edu/link/documents/fvpf2/fvpf2. shtml. Davis, Richard. Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008 Jones, David. Communicating With Vulnerable Children: A Guide for Practitioners. London: Bell Bain Limited, 2003 Newman, David. Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. California: Pine Forge Press, 2008 Prevent Child Abuse. Ten Ways Parents Can Help Prevent Child Abuse. Prevent Child Abuse. Web. 9 July 2010 preventchildabuseutah. org/tenwaystopreventchildabuse. html. Saisan Joanna, Smith Melinda Segal Jeanne. Child Abuse and Neglect. HelpGuide. org. nd 2010. Web 8 July 2010 http://helpguide. org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect. htm. Spears, Linda. Building Bridges between Domestic Violence Organizations and Child Protective Services. National Resource Center on Domestic Violence. Feb. 2000. Web. 8 July 2010 cwla. org/programs/domestic/domesticviolence. pdf Williams, Glen. Domestic Violence Facts. Hope. org. Web. 8 July 2010 way2hope. org/domestic_violence_facts-2. htm. Volpe, Joseph. Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children And Adolescents: An Overview. The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. 2006. Web. 8 July 2010 aaets. org/article8. htm.

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